Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a prenatal diagnostic procedure used to test for certain genetic and chromosomal conditions in a developing baby.
During the procedure, a small sample of placental tissue, called chorionic villi, is collected for laboratory analysis. These cells usually carry the same genetic information as the baby.
CVS may be recommended when screening results, family history or previous pregnancy findings suggest an increased likelihood of a genetic condition.
Depending on placental position and clinical circumstances, the sample may be collected through the abdomen or through the cervix under ultrasound guidance.
CVS is usually performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, although the precise timing depends on clinical assessment. It should not be performed before 10 weeks.
CVS is an invasive procedure and carries a small risk of complications, including miscarriage. The doctor will explain the benefits, limitations, alternatives and potential risks before the procedure.
What Does CVS Help Diagnose?
The collected placental tissue can be examined using genetic laboratory tests selected according to the clinical indication.
Chromosomal Conditions
Can help diagnose conditions involving chromosome number, including Down syndrome.
Inherited Genetic Disorders
May test for specific inherited conditions when a known genetic risk has been identified.
Further Genetic Investigation
Provides a diagnostic sample when screening tests indicate a higher likelihood of certain genetic conditions.
Targeted Laboratory Testing
Allows appropriate chromosome or DNA-based testing based on the medical indication and genetic counselling.
Key Benefits
Early Prenatal Diagnosis
CVS allows diagnostic testing for certain genetic and chromosomal conditions during the first trimester, providing information earlier in pregnancy.
Chromosomal Condition Testing
Placental tissue collected during CVS can be tested for selected chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome, using appropriate laboratory investigations.
Detection of Inherited Genetic Disorders
When a specific inherited condition is suspected or a known family risk exists, CVS can provide a sample for targeted genetic testing.
Clarification of Screening Results
CVS may help investigate higher-risk prenatal screening findings by providing diagnostic information for the conditions included in the selected laboratory tests.
Ultrasound-Guided Sampling
Ultrasound guidance helps the specialist identify the placenta and guide tissue collection using an approach appropriate to the pregnancy.
Informed Pregnancy Care Planning
Diagnostic findings can support genetic counselling, discussions about available options and planning of appropriate follow-up care during pregnancy.
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